Paul Smeets

Paul Smeets is associate professor at the UMC Utrecht and has a background in Behavioral Biology. His PhD work, at the Image Sciences Institute (ISI), aimed at finding biomarkers of satiety in the human brain, using functional MRI. Currently, he works at ISI / UMC Utrecht and at the Division of Human Nutrition and Health of Wageningen University. The central theme in his research is the decision to eat, which is taken in the brain on the basis of multiple neural as well as hormonal signals. Research topics include the neural correlates of taste, satiety and (un)healthy food choice, gut-brain interactions, effects of personality characteristics on food-induced brain responses and functional neuroimaging in anorexia nervosa. In recent years he has been using MRI techniques to study (gastric) digestion.

Research line

Nutritional and Translational Neuroscience

Most recent key publications

1: Smeets, P., Deng, R., Van Eijnatten, E., & Mayar, M. (2021). Monitoring food digestion with magnetic resonance techniques. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 80(2), 148-158. doi:10.1017/S0029665120007867

2: Smeets PAM, Dagher A, Hare TA, Kullmann S, van der Laan LN, Poldrack RA, Preissl H, Small D, Stice E, Veldhuizen MG. Good practice in food-related neuroimaging. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;109(3):491-503. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy344.

3: van Meer F, van der Laan LN, Viergever MA, Adan RAH, Smeets PAM; I.Family Consortium. Considering healthiness promotes healthier choices but modulates medial prefrontal cortex differently in children compared with adults. Neuroimage. 2017 Oct 1;159:325-333. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.007.

4: van Meer F, van der Laan LN, Charbonnier L, Viergever MA, Adan RA, Smeets PA; I.Family Consortium. Developmental differences in the brain response to unhealthy food cues: an fMRI study of children and adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Dec;104(6):1515-1522.

5: Camps G, Mars M, de Graaf C, Smeets PA. Empty calories and phantom fullness: a randomized trial studying the relative effects of energy density and viscosity on gastric emptying determined by MRI and satiety. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jul;104(1):73-80. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.129064.

6: van Meer F, van der Laan LN, Adan RA, Viergever MA, Smeets PA. What you see is what you eat: an ALE meta-analysis of the neural correlates of food viewing in children and adolescents. Neuroimage. 2015 Jan 1;104:35-43. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.069.

Publications

• MRI assessment of pH and coagulation during semi-dynamic in vitro gastric digestion of milk proteins
  Mayar, Morwarid, de Vries, Mart, Smeets, Paul, van Duynhoven, John, Terenzi, Camilla Jul 2024 in Food Hydrocolloids 152
• Mild processing and addition of milk fat globule membrane in infant formula may better mimic intragastric behavior of human milk: A proof of concept trial in healthy males
  Roelofs, Julia J.M., Tjoelker, Reina S., Lambers, Tim T., Smeets, Paul A.M. Jun 2024 in Food Hydrocolloids 151
• Gastric emptying and nutrient absorption of pea protein products differing in heat treatment and texture: A randomized in vivo crossover trial and in vitro digestion study
  Roelofs, Julia J.M., van Eijnatten, Elise J.M., Prathumars, Patteela, de Jong, Joris, Wehrens, Ron, Esser, Diederik, Janssen, Anja E.M., Smeets, Paul A.M. Apr 2024 in Food Hydrocolloids 149
• Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial
  van Eijnatten, Elise J M, Roelofs, Julia J M, Camps, Guido, Huppertz, Thom, Lambers, Tim T, Smeets, Paul A M Mar 2024 in Food & function 15 (6), p. 3098-3107
• Interplay between microstructure, mechanical properties, macrostructure breakdown and in vitro gastric digestion of whey protein gels
  Liu, Dan, Janssen, Anja E.M., Smeets, Paul A.M., Stieger, Markus Feb 2024 in Food Hydrocolloids 147
• Context Matters: Neural Processing of Food-Flavored E-Cigarettes and the Influence of Smoking
  Hellmich, Ina M, Krüsemann, Erna J Z, van der Hart, Joris R H, Smeets, Paul A M, Talhout, Reinskje, Boesveldt, Sanne Feb 2024 in Biological Psychology 186 p. 108754
• Milk coagulation and gastric emptying in women experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms after ingestion of cow's milk
  van Eijnatten, Elise J M, Camps, Guido, Guerville, Mathilde, Fogliano, Vincenzo, Hettinga, Kasper, Smeets, Paul A M Jan 2024 in Neurogastroenterology and Motility 36 (1),
• Gastric digestion of whey protein gels: A randomized cross-over trial with the use of MRI
  Deng, Ruoxuan, Mars, Monica, Janssen, Anja E.M., Smeets, Paul A.M. Aug 2023 in Food Hydrocolloids 141
• Inhibitory control as a potential treatment target for obesity
  de Klerk, M T, Smeets, Paul, la Fleur, S.E. May 2023 in Nutritional neuroscience 26 (5), p. 429-444
• In vitro ¹H MT and CEST MRI mapping of gastro-intestinal milk protein breakdown
  Mayar, Morwarid, Smeets, Paul, van Duynhoven, John, Terenzi, Camilla Apr 2023 in Food Structure 36
• The potential for clinical application of automatic quantification of olfactory bulb volume in MRI scans using convolutional neural networks
  Postma, Elbrich M, Noothout, Julia M H, Boek, Wilbert M, Joshi, Akshita, Herrmann, Theresa, Hummel, Thomas, Smeets, Paul A M, Išgum, Ivana, Boesveldt, Sanne Apr 2023 in Neuroimage: Clinical [E] 38
• The effect of hunger state on hypothalamic functional connectivity in response to food cues
  Kullmann, Stephanie, Veit, Ralf, Crabtree, Daniel R, Buosi, William, Androutsos, Odysseas, Johnstone, Alexandra M, Manios, Yannis, Preissl, Hubert, Smeets, Paul A M Feb 2023 in Human Brain Mapping 44 (2), p. 418-428
• Non-invasive monitoring of in vitro gastric milk protein digestion kinetics by 1H NMR magnetization transfer
  Mayar, Morwarid, Miltenburg, Julie L, Hettinga, Kasper, Smeets, Paul A M, van Duynhoven, John P M, Terenzi, Camilla Jul 2022 in Food chemistry 383 p. 1-10
• Monitoring pH and whey protein digestion by TD-NMR and MRI in a novel semi-dynamic in vitro gastric simulator (MR-GAS)
  Deng, Ruoxuan, Seimys, Aurimas, Mars, Monica, Janssen, Anja E.M., Smeets, Paul A.M. Apr 2022 in Food Hydrocolloids 125
• Examining the neural correlates of goal priming with the NeuroShop, a novel virtual reality fMRI paradigm
  van der Laan, L N, Papies, E K, Ly, A, Smeets, P A M Mar 2022 in Appetite 170 p. 1-9
• Reply to Verhoef et al
  Sorkin, John D, Manary, Mark, Smeets, Paul A M, MacFarlane, Amanda J, Astrup, Arne, Prigeon, Ronald L, Hogans, Beth B, Odle, Jack, Davis, Teresa A, Tucker, Katherine L, Duggan, Christopher P, Tobias, Deirdre K Feb 2022 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 115 (2), p. 598-600
• Brain Structure in Acutely Underweight and Partially Weight-Restored Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A Coordinated Analysis by the ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group
  ENIGMA Eating Disorders Working Group Nov 2022 in Biological Psychiatry 92 (9), p. 730-738
• Good taste or gut feeling?: A new method in rats shows oro-sensory stimulation and gastric distention generate distinct and overlapping brain activation patterns
  Roelofs, Theresia J M, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, van der Toorn, Annette, Camps, Guido, Smeets, Paul A M, Dijkhuizen, Rick M, Adan, Roger A H Jul 2021 in International Journal of Eating Disorders 54 (7), p. 1116-1126
• Corrigendum to “Effects of hunger state on the brain responses to food cues across the life span” [NeuroImage 171 (2018) 246-255](S1053811918300144)(10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.012)
  Full4Health consortium Jun 2021 in NeuroImage 233
• Investigating morphological changes in the brain in relation to etiology and duration of olfactory dysfunction with voxel-based morphometry
  Postma, E. M., Smeets, P. A.M., Boek, W. M., Boesveldt, S. Jun 2021 in Scientific Reports 11 (1),
• Monitoring food digestion with magnetic resonance techniques
  Smeets, Paul A M, Deng, Ruoxuan, van Eijnatten, Elise J M, Mayar, Morwarid May 2021 in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 80 (2), p. 148-158
• The influence of acute partial sleep deprivation on liking, choosing and consuming high- and low-energy foods
  Benjamins, Jeroen S., Hooge, Ignace T.C., Benedict, Christian, Smeets, Paul A.M., van der Laan, Laura N. Mar 2021 in Food Quality and Preference 88
• Gastric Emptying and Intragastric Behavior of Breast Milk and Infant Formula in Lactating Mothers
  Camps, Guido, van Eijnatten, Elise J M, van Lieshout, Glenn A A, Lambers, Tim T, Smeets, Paul A M Dec 2021 in Journal of Nutrition 151 (12), p. 3718-3724
• Correlation between brain function and ADHD symptom changes in children with ADHD following a few-foods diet: an open-label intervention trial
  Hontelez, Saartje, Stobernack, Tim, Pelsser, Lidy M., van Baarlen, Peter, Frankena, Klaas, Groefsema, Martine M., Kleerebezem, Michiel, Rodrigues Pereira, Rob, Postma, Elbrich M., Smeets, Paul A.M., Stopyra, Marion A., Zwiers, Marcel P., Aarts, Esther Dec 2021 in Scientific Reports 11 (1), p. 22205
• Associations between ghrelin and leptin and neural food cue reactivity in a fasted and sated state
  Full4Health consortium Oct 2021 in NeuroImage 240 p. 1-11
• A guide for authors and readers of the American Society for Nutrition Journals on the proper use of P values and strategies that promote transparency and improve research reproducibility
  Sorkin, John D, Manary, Mark, Smeets, Paul A M, MacFarlane, Amanda J, Astrup, Arne, Prigeon, Ronald L, Hogans, Beth B, Odle, Jack, Davis, Teresa A, Tucker, Katherine L, Duggan, Christopher P, Tobias, Deirdre K Oct 2021 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 114 (4), p. 1280-1285
• Automatic segmentation of the olfactory bulbs in MRI
  Noothout, Julia M.H., Postma, Elbrich M., Boesveldt, Sanne, De Vos, Bob D., Smeets, Paul A.M., Išgum, Ivana 2021 in Automatic segmentation of the olfactory bulbs in MRI: Medical Imaging 2021 p. (Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE; vol. 11596)
• Endocrine Cephalic Phase Responses to Food Cues: A Systematic Review
  Lasschuijt, Marlou P, Mars, Monica, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M Sep 2020 in Advances in Nutrition 11 (5), p. 1364-1383
• How oro-sensory exposure and eating rate affect satiation and associated endocrine responses-a randomized trial
  Lasschuijt, Marlou, Mars, Monica, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M Jun 2020 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111 (6), p. 1137-1149
• Effects of distraction on taste-related neural processing: a cross-sectional fMRI study
  Duif, Iris, Wegman, Joost, Mars, Monica M, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M, Aarts, Esther May 2020 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111 (5), p. 950-961
• Exploring in vitro gastric digestion of whey protein by time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging
  Deng, Ruoxuan, Janssen, Anja E.M., Vergeldt, Frank J., Van As, Henk, de Graaf, Cees, Mars, Monica, Smeets, Paul A.M. Feb 2020 in Food Hydrocolloids 99
• Deep Learning-Based Regression and Classification for Automatic Landmark Localization in Medical Images
  Noothout, Julia M H, De Vos, Bob D, Wolterink, Jelmer M, Postma, Elbrich M, Smeets, Paul A M, Takx, Richard A P, Leiner, Tim, Viergever, Max A, Isgum, Ivana Dec 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 39 (12), p. 4011-4022
• Distraction decreases rIFG-putamen connectivity during goal-directed effort for food rewards
  Duif, Iris, Wegman, Joost, de Graaf, Kees, Smeets, Paul A M, Aarts, Esther Dec 2020 in Scientific Reports 10 (1),
• The importance of swelling for in vitro gastric digestion of whey protein gels
  Deng, Ruoxuan, Mars, Monica, Van Der Sman, Ruud G.M., Smeets, Paul A.M., Janssen, Anja E.M. Nov 2020 in Food chemistry 330
• Health body priming and food choice: An eye tracking study
  Manippa, Valerio, van der Laan, Laura N., Brancucci, Alfredo, Smeets, Paul A.M. Mar 2019 in Food Quality and Preference 72 p. 116-125
• Good practice in food-related neuroimaging
  Smeets, Paul A M, Dagher, Alain, Hare, Todd A, Kullmann, Stephanie, van der Laan, Laura N, Poldrack, Russell A, Preissl, Hubert, Small, Dana, Stice, Eric, Veldhuizen, Maria G Mar 2019 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109 (3), p. 491-503
• Grab to eat! Eating motivation dynamics measured by effort exertion depend on hunger state
  Pirc, Matjaž, Čad, E. M., Jager, G., Smeets, Paul A.M. Dec 2019 in Food Quality and Preference 78
• Colouring perception: Package colour cues affect neural responses to sweet dairy drinks in reward and inhibition related regions
  Tijssen, Irene O J M, Smeets, Paul A M, Goedegebure, Robert P G, Zandstra, Elizabeth H, de Graaf, Cees, Jager, Gerry Nov 2019 in Appetite 142
• Development and body mass inversely affect children's brain activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during food choice
  I.Family Consortium Nov 2019 in NeuroImage 201
• Unaware of the amount consumed: Systematic error in estimating food- and drink intake
  Lasschuijt, Marlou P, Camps, Guido, Koopman, Ylva, Smeets, Paul A M Oct 2019 in Physiology & Behavior 209
• Brain responses to anticipation and consumption of beer with and without alcohol
  Smeets, Paul A M, de Graaf, Cees Jan 2019 in Chemical Senses 44 (1), p. 51-60
• Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search
  RELISH Consortium 2019 in Database 2019 p. 1-67
• Aroma effects on food choice task behavior and brain responses to bakery food product cues
  de Wijk, Rene A., Smeets, Paul A.M., Polet, Ilse A., Holthuysen, Nancy T.E., Zoon, Jet, Vingerhoeds, Monique H. Sep 2018 in Food Quality and Preference 68 p. 304-314
• Altered neural inhibition responses to food cues after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
  Zoon, H. F.A., de Bruijn, S. E.M., Jager, G., Smeets, P. A.M., de Graaf, C., Janssen, I. M.C., Schijns, W., Deden, L., Boesveldt, S. Sep 2018 in Biological Psychology 137 p. 34-41
• Just add water: Effects of added gastric distention by water on gastric emptying and satiety related brain activity
  Camps, Guido, Veit, Ralf, Mars, Monica, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul Am Aug 2018 in Appetite 127 p. 195-202
• Indirect vs direct assessment of gastric emptying: A randomized crossover trial comparing C-isotope breath analysis and MRI
  Camps, G, Mars, M, Witteman, B J M, de Graaf, C, Smeets, P A M Jul 2018 in Neurogastroenterology and Motility 30 (7),
• Top-down expectation effects of food labels on motivation
  Wegman, Joost, van Loon, Ilke, Smeets, Paul A.M., Cools, Roshan, Aarts, Esther Jun 2018 in NeuroImage 173 p. 13-24
• Exacting responses: Lack of endocrine cephalic phase responses upon oro-sensory exposure
  Lasschuijt, Marlou P., Mars, Monica, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A.M. Jun 2018 in Frontiers in Endocrinology 9 (JUN),
• Effects of hunger state on the brain responses to food cues across the life span
  Charbonnier, L, van Meer, F, Johnstone, A M, Crabtree, D, Buosi, W, Manios, Yannis, Androutsos, O, Giannopoulou, A, Viergever, M A, Smeets, P A M, Full4Health consortium May 2018 in NeuroImage 171 p. 246-255
• Altered neural responsivity to food cues in relation to food preferences, but not appetite-related hormone concentrations after RYGB-surgery
  Zoon, Harriët F A, de Bruijn, Suzanne E M, Smeets, Paul A M, de Graaf, Cees, Janssen, Ignace M C, Schijns, Wendy, Aarts, Edo O, Jager, Gerry, Boesveldt, Sanne Nov 2018 in Behavioural Brain Research 353 p. 194-202
• Volumetric gray matter measures of amygdala and accumbens in childhood overweight/obesity
  Perlaki, Gabor, Molnar, Denes, Smeets, Paul A.M., Ahrens, Wolfgang, Wolters, Maike, Eiben, Gabriele, Lissner, Lauren, Erhard, Peter, Meer, Floor van, Herrmann, Manfred, Janszky, Jozsef, Orsi, Gergely, I.Family Consortium Jan 2018 in PLoS ONE [E] 13 (10),
• Men and women differ in gastric fluid retention and neural activation after consumption of carbonated beverages
  Camps, Guido, De Graaf, Kees, Smeets, Paul A.M. Jan 2018 in Journal of Nutrition 148 (12), p. 1976-1983
• It's in the eye of the beholder: selective attention to drink properties during tasting influences brain activation in gustatory and reward regions
  van Rijn, Inge, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M 2018 in Brain Imaging and Behavior 12 (2), p. 425-436
• Comparison of oro-sensory exposure duration and intensity manipulations on satiation
  Lasschuijt, MP, Mars, M., Stieger, M., Miquel-Kergoat, S., de Graaf, C., Smeets, PAM Jul 2017 in Physiology & Behavior 176 p. 76–83
• A tale of gastric layering and sieving: Gastric emptying of a liquid meal with water blended in or consumed separately
  Camps, Guido, Mars, Monica, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M Jul 2017 in Physiology & Behavior 176 p. 26-30
• Sensory expectation, perception, and autonomic nervous system responses to package colours and product popularity
  Schulte-Holierhoek, Aurelia, Verastegui-Tena, Luz, Goedegebure, Robert P.G., Piqueras Fiszman, Betina, Smeets, Paul A.M. Dec 2017 in Food Quality and Preference 62 p. 60-70
• Considering healthiness promotes healthier choices but modulates medial prefrontal cortex differently in children compared with adults
  van Meer, F, van der Laan, LN, Viergever, MA, Adan, Roger, Smeets, PAM, On behalf of the I.Family Consortium Oct 2017 in NeuroImage 159 p. 325-333
• Folate and vitamin B₁₂-related biomarkers in relation to brain volumes
  van der Zwaluw, Nikita L., Brouwer-Brolsma, Elske M., van de Rest, Ondine, van Wijngaarden, Janneke P., In ’t Veld, Paulette H., Kourie, Daniella I., Swart, Karin M A, Enneman, Anke W., van Dijk, Suzanne C., van der Velde, Nathalie, Kessels, Roy P C, Smeets, Paul A M, Kok, Frans J., Dhonukshe-Rutten, Rosalie A M, de Groot, Lisette C P G M Jan 2017 in Nutrients 9 (1),
• Goal-directed visual attention drives health goal priming: An eye-tracking experiment
  van der Laan, Laura N, Papies, Esther K, Hooge, Ignace T C, Smeets, Paul A M Jan 2017 in Health Psychology 36 (1), p. 82-90
• Health interest modulates brain reward responses to a perceived low-caloric beverage in females
  Rijn, Inge van, Wegman, Joost, Aarts, Esther, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M Jan 2017 in Health Psychology 36 (1), p. 65-72
• The determinants of food choice
  Leng, Gareth, Adan, Roger A H, Belot, Michele, Brunstrom, Jeffrey M, de Graaf, Kees, Dickson, Suzanne L, Hare, Todd, Maier, Silvia, Menzies, John, Preissl, Hubert, Reisch, Lucia A, Rogers, Peter J, Smeets, Paul A M 2017 in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76 (3), p. 316-327
• Associations between neural correlates of visual stimulus processing and set-shifting in ill and recovered women with anorexia nervosa
  Sultson, Hedvig, van Meer, Floor, Sanders, Nicole, van Elburg, Annemarie A., Danner, Unna N., Hoek, Hans W., Adan, Roger A H, Smeets, Paul A M Sep 2016 in Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging 255 p. 35-42
• Food Decision-Making: Effects of Weight Status and Age
  van Meer, Floor, Charbonnier, Lisette, Smeets, Paul A M Sep 2016 in Current Diabetes Reports 16 (9),
• Empty calories and phantom fullness: A randomized trial studying the relative effects of energy density and viscosity on gastric emptying determined by MRI and satiety
  Camps, Guido, Mars, Monica, De Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M Jul 2016 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 104 (1), p. 73-80
• Supersize my brain: A cross-sectional voxel-based morphometry study on the association between self-reported dietary restraint and regional grey matter volumes
  van der Laan, Laura N., Charbonnier, Lisette, Griffioen-Roose, Sanne, Kroese, Floor M., van Rijn, Inge, Smeets, Paul A M May 2016 in Biological Psychology 117 p. 108-116
• Eating disorders: The big issue
  Schmidt, Ulrike, Adan, Roger, Böhm, Ilka, Campbell, Iain C., Dingemans, Alexandra, Ehrlich, Stefan, Elzakkers, Isis, Favaro, Angela, Giel, Katrin, Harrison, Amy, Himmerich, Hubertus, Hoek, Hans W., Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Kas, Martien J., Seitz, Jochen, Smeets, Paul, Sternheim, Lot, Tenconi, Elena, van Elburg, Annemarie, van Furth, Eric, Zipfel, Stephan Apr 2016 in The Lancet Psychiatry 3 (4), p. 313-315
• Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human brain morphology and function: What is the evidence?
  Bos, Dienke J., van Montfort, Simone J T, Oranje, Bob, Durston, Sarah, Smeets, Paul A M Mar 2016 in European Neuropsychopharmacology 26 (3), p. 546–561
• Developmental differences in the brain response to unhealthy food cues: An fMRI study of children and adults
  van Meer, Floor, van der Laan, Laura N, Charbonnier, Lisette, Viergever, Max A, Adan, Roger Ah, Smeets, Paul Am, I.Family Consortium Nov 2016 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 104 (6), p. 1515-1522
• Subtypes of trait impulsivity differentially correlate with neural responses to food choices
  van der Laan, Laura N., Barendse, Marjolein E. A., Viergever, Max A., Smeets, Paul A. M. Jan 2016 in Behavioural Brain Research 296 p. 442-450
• Neural Processing of Calories in Brain Reward Areas Can be Modulated by Reward Sensitivity
  van Rijn, Inge, Griffioen-Roose, Sanne, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M Jan 2016 in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience [E] 9
• Functional neuroimaging of appetite and gut-brain interactions
  Smeets, PAM, Preissl, Hubert 2016 in Functional neuroimaging of appetite and gut-brain interactions: Neuroendocrinology of Appetite p. 174-200 (; vol. )
• Standardized food images: A photographing protocol and image database
  Charbonnier, Lisette, van Meer, Floor, van der Laan, Laura N., Viergever, Max A., Smeets, Paul A M Sep 2015 in Appetite 96 p. 166-173
• Neural correlates of intolerance of uncertainty in clinical disorders
  Wever, Mirjam, Smeets, Paul, Sternheim, Lot Sep 2015 in Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 27 (4), p. 345-353
• Higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lower plasma glucose are associated with larger gray matter volume but not with white matter or total brain volume in dutch community-dwelling older adults
  Brouwer-Brolsma, Elske M., van der Zwaluw, Nikita L., van Wijngaarden, Janneke P., Dhonukshe-Rutten, Rosalie A., in 't Veld, Paulette H., Feskens, Edith J., Smeets, Paul A., Kessels, Roy P., van de Rest, Ondine, de Groot, Lisette C. Aug 2015 in Journal of Nutrition 145 (8), p. 1817-1823
• Functional MRI of Challenging Food Choices: Forced Choice between Equally Liked High- and Low-Calorie Foods in the Absence of Hunger
  Charbonnier, Lisette, Van Der Laan, Laura N., Viergever, Max A., Smeets, Paul A M, Tregellas, Jason R. Jul 2015 in PLoS ONE [E] 10 (7),
• You are what you eat: A neuroscience perspective on consumers' personality characteristics as determinants of eating behavior
  van der Laan, Laura N., Smeets, Paul A M Jun 2015 in Current Opinion in Food Science 3 p. 11-18
• Altered food-cue processing in chronically ill and recovered women with anorexia nervosa
  Sanders, Nicole, Smeets, Paul A M, van Elburg, Annemarie A., Danner, Unna N., van Meer, Floor, Hoek, Hans W., Adan, Roger A H Feb 2015 in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience [E] 9 (FEB),
• Tasting calories differentially affects brain activation during hunger and satiety
  van Rijn, Inge, de Graaf, Cees, Smeets, Paul A M Feb 2015 in Behavioural Brain Research 279 p. 139-147
• Do you like what you see? The role of first fixation and total fixation duration in consumer choice
  van der Laan, Laura N., Hooge, Ignace T C, De Ridder, Denise T D, Viergever, Max A., Smeets, Paul A M Jan 2015 in Food Quality and Preference 39 p. 46-55
• What you see is what you eat: An ALE meta-analysis of the neural correlates of food viewing in children and adolescents
  van Meer, Floor, van der Laan, Laura N., Adan, Roger A H, Viergever, Max A., Smeets, Paul A M Jan 2015 in NeuroImage 104 p. 35-43
• The sum of its parts-effects of gastric distention, nutrient content and sensory stimulation on brain activation
  Spetter, M.S., de Graaf, C., Mars, M., Viergever, M.A., Smeets, P.A.M. 2014 in PLoS ONE [E] 9 (3), p. e90872
• To like or not to like: neural substrates of subjective flavor preferences
  van den Bosch, I., Dalenberg, J.R., Renken, R., van Langeveld, A.W., Smeets, P.A.M., Griffioen-Roose, S., ter Horst, G.J., de Graaf, C, Boesveldt, S. 2014 in Behavioural Brain Research 269 p. 128-137
• Activation in inhibitory brain regions during food choice correlates with temptation strength and self-regulatory success in weight-concerned women
  van der Laan, L.N., de Ridder, D.T.D., Viergever, M.A., Smeets, P.A.M. 2014 in Frontiers in Neuroscience [E] 8 p. 308
• Human protein status modulates brain reward responses to food cues
  Griffioen-Roose, S., Smeets, P.A.M., van den Heuvel, E., Boesveldt, S., Finlayson, G., de Graaf, C 2014 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100 (1), p. 113-122
• Taste matters - effects of bypassing oral stimulation on hormone and appetite responses
  Spetter, M.S., Mars, M., Viergever, M.A., de Graaf, C, Smeets, P.A.M. 2014 in Physiology & Behavior 137 p. 9-17
• Sweet lies: neural, visual, and behavioral measures reveal a lack of self-control conflict during food choice in weight-concerned women
  van der Laan, L.N., de Ridder, D.T.D., Charbonnier, L., Viergever, M.A., Smeets, P.A.M. 2014 in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience [E] 8 p. 184
• Effect of replacing sugar with non-caloric sweeteners in beverages on the reward value after repeated exposure
  Griffioen-Roose, S., Smeets, P.A.M., Weijzen, P.L.G., van Rijn, I., van den Bosch, I., de Graaf, C 2013 in PLoS ONE [E] 11 p. e81924
• Allured or alarmed: Counteractive control responses to food temptations in the brain
  Smeets, P.A.M., Kroese, F.M., Evers, C., De Ridder, D.T.D. 2013 in Behavioural Brain Research 248 p. 41-45
• Appetite in the brain
  Smeets, P.A.M. 2013 in Appetite in the brain: Magnetic Resonance in Food Science – Food for Thought p. 221-230 (; vol. )
• Effects of oral and gastric stimulation on appetite and energy intake
  Wijlens, A.G.M., Erkner, A., Alexander, E., Mars, M., Smeets, P.A.M., de Graaf, C 2012 in Obesity (Silver Spring) 20 (11), p. 2226-2232
• Food-induced brain responses and eating behaviour
  Smeets, P.A.M., Charbonnier, L., van Meer, A.F., van der Laan, L.N., Spetter, M.S. 2012 in Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 71 (4), p. 511-520
• Neuropsychological weaknesses in anorexia nervosa: Set-shifting, central coherence, and decision making in currently ill and recovered women
  Danner, U.N., Sanders, N., Smeets, P.A.M., van Meer, Floor, Adan, R.A.H., Hoek, H.W., van Elburg, A.A. 2012 in International Journal of Eating Disorders 45 (5), p. 685-694
• Appearance matters: neural correlates of food choice and packaging aesthetics
  van der Laan, L.N., De Ridder, D.T.D., Viergever, M.A., Smeets, P.A.M. 2012 in PLoS ONE [E] 7 (7), p. e41738
• Anterior cingulate taste activation predicts ad libitum intake of sweet and savory drinks in healthy, normal-weight men
  Spetter, M.S., de Graaf, C, Viergever, M.A., Smeets, P.A.M. 2012 in Journal of Nutrition 142 (4), p. 795-802
• The first taste is always with the eyes: A meta-analysis on the neural correlates of visual food cues
  van der Laan, L.N., De Ridder, D.T.D., Viergever, M.A., Smeets, P.A.M. 2011 in NeuroImage 55 (1), p. 296-303
• Satiety. Not the problem, nor a solution. Comment on 'Satiety. No way to slim'.
  Smeets, P.A.M., van der Laan, L.N. 2011 in Appetite 57 (3), p. 772-773
• Consumption of caloric and non-caloric versions of a soft drink differentially affects brain activation during tasting
  Smeets, P.A.M., Weijzen, P.L.G., de Graaf, C., Viergever, M.A. 2011 in NeuroImage 54 (2), p. 1367-1374
• Conspicuity or visibility: what may cause an object to draw attention?
  Wertheim, A.H., Hooge, I.T.C., Smeets, P.A.M. 2011 in Food Quality and Preference 22 (6), p. 602
• Dietary learning: both consistency and congruency matter
  Smeets, P.A.M. 2010 in Nature Reviews. Endocrinology 6 (8), p. following 470
• Caloric versus low-caloric sweeteners: Can the body be fooled?
  Smeets, P.A.M. 2010 in International sugar journal 112 (1335), p. 140-147
• Representation of sweet and salty taste intensity in the brain
  Spetter, M.S., Smeets, P.A.M., de Graaf, C., Viergever, M.A. 2010 in Chemical Senses 35 (9), p. 831-840
• Cephalic phase responses and appetite
  Smeets, P.A.M., Erkner, A., de Graaf, C. 2010 in Nutrition Reviews 68 (11), p. 643-655
• Sip size of orangeade: effects on intake and sensory-specific satiation
  Weijzen, P.L.G., Smeets, P.A.M., de Graaf, C. 2009 in British Journal of Nutrition 102 p. 1091-1097
• Glucose ingestion fails to inhibit hypothalamic neuronal activity in patients with type 2 diabetes
  Vidarsdottir, S., Smeets, P.A.M., Eichelsheim, D.L., van Osch, M.J.P., Viergever, M.A., Romijn, J.A., van der Grond, J., Pijl, H. 2007 in Diabetes 56 (10), p. 2547-2550
• Oral glucose intake inhibits hypothalamic neuronal activity more effectively than glucose infusion
  Smeets, P.A.M., Vidarsdottir, S., de Graaf, C., Stafleu, A., van Osch, M.J.P., Viergever, M.A., Pijl, H., van der Grond, J. 2007 in American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 293 (3), p. E754-E758
• Effect of satiety on brain activation during chocolate tasting in men and women
  Smeets, P.A.M., de Graaf, C., Stafleu, A., van Osch, M.J.P., Nievelstein, R.A.J., van der Grond, J. 2006 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 83 (6), p. 1297-1305
• Functional MRI of human hypothalamic responses following glucose ingestion
  Smeets, P.A.M., de Graaf, C., Stafleu, A., van Osch, M.J.P., van der Grond, J. 2005 in NeuroImage 24 (2), p. 363-368
• Functional MRI of human hypothalamic responses to sweet taste and calories
  Smeets, P.A.M., de Graaf, C., Stafleu, A., van Osch, M.J.P., van der Grond, J. 2005 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82 p. 1011-1016
• Biomarkers of satiation and satiety
  de Graaf, C., Blom, W.A.M., Smeets, P.A.M., Stafleu, A., Hendriks, H.F.J. 2004 in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79 p. 946-961
• Longevity of bombus terrestris workers (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in relation to pollen availability, in the absence of foraging
  Smeets, Paul, Duchateau, Marie José Jul 2003 in Apidologie 34 (4), p. 333-337